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由 tuziwang2020 » 2023-11-13, 08:26
說到底, “我”的問題一個層面在於freewill就是所謂的自由意識是否存在, 是絕對的自由, 還是有著局限性的,
其實是有著局限性的, 那就是如果有兩個平行宇宙, 你決定坐禪半個小時, 假設兩個宇宙在做決定前的所有事件都是相同的, 那麼如果在第一個宇宙做出的決定, 也一定會在第二個宇宙出現。既然都是過往決定的, 那麼個人是否有選擇呢?這種paradox 佛經中是這樣描述的。
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1.諸天相應
1.蘆葦品
相應部1相應1經/暴流之渡過經(諸天相應/有偈篇/祇夜)(莊春江譯)[SA.1267]
被我這麼聽聞:
有一次,世尊住在舍衛城祇樹林給孤獨園。那時,在夜已深時,容色絕佳的某位天神使整個祇樹林發光後,去見世尊。抵達後,向世尊問訊後,在一旁站立。在一旁站立的那位天神對世尊說這個:
「親愛的先生!你怎樣渡過暴流呢?」
「朋友!我無住立、無用力地渡過暴流。」
「親愛的先生!那麼,如怎樣你無住立、無用力地渡過暴流呢?」
「朋友!當我住立時,那時,我沈沒;朋友!當我用力時,那時,我被飄走,朋友!這樣,我無住立、無用力地渡過暴流。」
「終於我確實看見,般涅槃的婆羅門:
無住立、無用力地,已度脫世間中的執著。」
那位天神說這個,大師是認可者。那時,那位天神[想]:「大師是我的認可者。」向世尊問訊、作右繞後,就在那裡消失。
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雜阿含1267經[正聞本1380經/佛光本1264經](諸天相應/八眾誦/祇夜)(莊春江標點)
如是我聞:
一時,佛住舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。
[時,]有一天子,容色絕妙,於後夜時來詣佛所,稽首佛足,退坐一面,身諸光明,遍照祇樹給孤獨園。
時,彼天子白佛言:
「世尊!比丘,比丘度駛流耶?」
佛言:「如是,天子!」
天子復問:
「無所攀緣,亦無所住度駛流耶?」
佛言:「如是,天子!」
天子復問:
「無所攀緣,亦無所住而度駛流,其義云何?」
佛言:
「天子!我如是如是抱,如是如是直進,則不為水之所㵱;如是如是不抱,如是如是不直進,則為水所㵱,如是,天子!名為無所攀緣,亦無所住而度駛流。」
時,彼天子復說偈言:
「久見婆羅門,逮得般涅槃,一切怖已過,永超世恩愛。」
時,彼天子聞佛所說,歡喜、隨喜,稽首佛足,即沒不現。
別譯雜阿含180經(莊春江標點)
如是我聞:
一時,佛在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。
時,有一天,光色倍常,於其夜中來詣佛所,威光顯照,遍于祇洹,晃然大明,卻坐一面,而問佛言:
「瞿曇!汝為能度瀑駛流耶。」
爾時,世尊答言:「實爾。」
天言:
「瞿曇!如此駛流,深廣無際,傍無攀緣,中無安足,而能得度,甚為奇特。」
佛言:「實爾。」
天復問曰:
「瞿曇!汝今云何於此駛流無可攀挽、無安足處而能得度?」
佛答天曰:
「若我懈怠,必為沈沒;若為沈沒,必為所漂;若我精進,必不沈沒;若不沈沒,不為所漂,我於如是大洪流中無可攀挽、無安足處而能得度此大駛流。」
天即讚言:
「善哉!善哉!比丘於此駛流無所攀挽而能得度,甚為希有。」
天復以偈讚言:
「我昔已曾見,婆羅門涅槃,久捨於嫌怖,能度世間愛。」
爾時,此天說此偈已,歡喜還宮。
牟鋑及天女,四轉輪、髻髮,
睡厭、極難盡,伊尼延、駛流,
無縛著解脫而能得濟度
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Ogha-tarana Sutta: Crossing over the Flood
translated from the Pali by
Thanissaro Bhikkhu
Translator's note: This discourse opens the Samyutta Nikaya with a paradox. The Commentary informs us that the Buddha teaches the devata in terms of the paradox in order to subdue her pride. To give this paradox some context, you might want to read other passages from the Canon that discuss the right effort.
I have heard that on one occasion the Blessed One was staying near Savatthi in Jeta's Grove, Anathapindika's monastery. Then a certain devata, in the far extreme of the night, her extreme radiance lighting up the entirety of Jeta's Grove, went to the Blessed One. On arrival, having bowed down to him, she stood to one side. As she was standing there, she said to him, "Tell me, dear sir, how you crossed over the flood."
"I crossed over the flood without pushing forward, without staying in place."[1]
"But how, dear sir, did you cross over the flood without pushing forward, without staying in place?"
"When I pushed forward, I was whirled about. When I stayed in place, I sank. And so I crossed over the flood without pushing forward, without staying in place."
[The devata:]
At long last I see
a brahman, totally unbound,
who without pushing forward,
without staying in place,
has crossed over
the entanglements
of the world.
That is what the devata said. The Teacher approved. Realizing that "The Teacher has approved of me," she bowed down to him, circumambulated him — keeping him to her right — and then vanished right there.
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什麼才是
「朋友!當我住立時,那時,我沈沒;朋友!當我用力時,那時,我被飄走,朋友!這樣,我無住立、無用力地渡過暴流。」